Well-known SIDs

SID User/Group name
S-1-1-0 Everyone
S-1-5-6 NT AUTHORITY\SERVICE
S-1-5-11 NT AUTHORITY\Authenticated Users
S-1-5-19 NT AUTHORITY\LOCAL SERVICE
S-1-5-20 NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE
S-1-5-32-544 BUILTIN\Administrators
S-1-5-32-545 BUILTIN\Users
S-1-5-32-551 BUILTIN\Backup Operators
S-1-5-32-555 BUILTIN\Remote Desktop Users
S-1-5-32-559 BUILTIN\Performance Log Users
S-1-5-113 NT AUTHORITY\Local account
S-1-5-80-0 NT SERVICE\ALL SERVICES
S-1-5-90-0 Window Manager\Window Manager Group

If you have a SID that's not listed above, you can use the PowerShell script below (originally found here) to translate any SID to the object name

$sSID = "S-1-5-19"

$oSID = New-Object System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier($sSID)
# Use Translate to find user from sid
$oUser = $oSID.Translate([System.Security.Principal.NTAccount])
# Print the converted SID to username value
$oUser.Value

Additionally - see these resources

Well-known SIDs - Win32 apps
Well-known security identifiers (SIDs) identify generic groups and generic users.